Angkor Wat Becomes the 8th wonder of the world

 

Angkor Wat, located in the heart of Cambodia, has recently earned the prestigious title of the 8th wonder of the world, surpassing Italy’s Pompeii. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is not only the largest religious structure in the world but also a testament to architectural brilliance and cultural significance.

About Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat is an expansive temple complex that spans approximately 500 acres and serves as the largest religious monument in the world. Originally constructed in the 12^th century by King Suryavarman II, the temple was dedicated to the Hindu deity Vishnu. Over time, it transformed into a major Buddhist temple, reflecting the transition from Hinduism to Buddhism. The site is renowned for its statue of eight-armed Vishnu, revered as a protecting deity by the locals.

Angkor Wat Historical Significance

Built in the 12^th century, Angkor Wat’s history is marked by its transformation from a Hindu temple to a Buddhist sanctuary. The intricate carvings on the temple walls depict scenes from Hindu and Buddhist mythology, providing a visual journey through the religious and historical evolution of the region.

Angkor Wat Architectural Wonder

Angkor Wat’s architectural brilliance is evident in its massive scale, precise symmetry and intricate bas-reliefs. The central temple complex features five lotus-shaped towers representing Mount Meru, a mythical abode of gods in Hindu and Buddhist cosmology. Surrounding its outer walls is a vast moat, adding to the grandeur of this ancient marvel.

Intricate Bas-Reliefs

The walls of Angkor Wat are adorned with detailed bas-reliefs that serve as an ancient visual encyclopedia. These carvings depict scenes from Hindu epics, historical events and the daily life of the Khmer people. The level of detail in these carvings showcases the skill and craftsmanship of the artisans who contributed to this colossal project.

Angkor Wat Cultural and Spiritual Significance

Beyond its architectural splendor, Angkor Wat holds immense cultural and spiritual importance. It remains an active religious site, attracting Buddhist monks and devotees who engage in prayer and meditation, contributing to the ongoing legacy of this historic monument.

Sunrise at Angkor Wat

One of the most iconic experiences at Angkor Wat is witnessing the sunrise over its majestic towers. As dawn breaks, the temple is bathed in hues of pink, orange and gold, creating a breathtaking spectacle that adds to the allure of this 8th wonder of the world.

Who is King Suryavarman II?

Suryavarman II, also known as Paramavishnuloka, was a king of the Khmer Empire who ruled from 1113 to 1150 AD. He is best known for building the Angkor Wat temple complex, which is the largest religious monument in the world.

• Suryavarman II was a devout Hindu and a skilled military leader. He expanded the Khmer Empire to its greatest extent and brought much of Southeast Asia under his control. He also oversaw a period of great cultural and artistic flourishing.
• Suryavarman II’s most famous achievement is the Angkor Wat temple complex. This massive structure was built to honor the Hindu god Vishnu. It is a masterpiece of Khmer architecture and is considered one of the most important religious sites in the world.
• Suryavarman II’s reign was a golden age for the Khmer Empire. He was a powerful and wise leader who left a lasting legacy on Cambodia. His achievements continue to inspire people today.

Here are some of Suryavarman II’s most notable accomplishments:

• Built the Angkor Wat temple complex, the largest religious monument in the world
• Expanded the Khmer Empire to its greatest extent
• Brought much of Southeast Asia under his control
• Oversaw a period of great cultural and artistic flourishing
• Strengthened the Khmer military
• Promoted Hinduism as the state religion
• Suryavarman II is considered one of the greatest kings of Cambodia. He is remembered for his wisdom, strength, and piety. His achievements continue to inspire people today.

About the Cambodia

Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. Cambodia is a unitary constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government. The capital and largest city is Phnom Penh.

History

Cambodia has a long and rich history, dating back to the Khmer Empire, which flourished from the 9th to the 15th centuries. The empire was responsible for the construction of many of Cambodia’s most famous temples, including Angkor Wat. Following the decline of the Khmer Empire, Cambodia was ruled by a series of kings. In the 19th century, Cambodia became a French protectorate. Cambodia gained independence from France in 1953. However, the country soon descended into civil war. In the 1970s, Cambodia was under the rule of the Khmer Rouge, a radical communist regime that killed an estimated 2 million people. Cambodia has since been at peace, and the country is slowly recovering from its troubled past.

Geography

Cambodia is a landlocked country, with a total area of 181,035 square kilometers. The country is mostly flat, with plains and hills in the north and center, and mountains in the south. Cambodia is home to the Mekong River, the longest river in Southeast Asia. The Mekong River is an important source of water for Cambodia, and it also provides a major transportation route.

Economy

Cambodia is a developing country with a low GDP per capita. The country’s economy is based on agriculture, with rice being the main crop. Cambodia is also a major producer of textiles and garments. In recent years, Cambodia has seen a boom in tourism, and the country is now one of the most popular tourist destinations in Southeast Asia.

Culture

Cambodia has a rich and unique culture. The country’s culture is influenced by its history, geography, and religion. Theravada Buddhism is the official religion of Cambodia, and it is practiced by over 90% of the population. Cambodia is also home to a number of other religions, including Islam and Christianity.

Tourism

Cambodia is a popular tourist destination, with over 6 million visitors per year. The country is home to a number of world-famous attractions, including Angkor Wat, the Royal Palace, and the Killing Fields. Cambodia is also a popular destination for ecotourism, with its many national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.

Important takeaways for all competitive exams: 

• Cambodia Capital: Phnom Penh;
• Cambodia Currency: Cambodian riel;
• Cambodia Official language: Khmer;
• Cambodia King: Norodom Sihamoni.

National Milk Day 2023: Date, Theme, History & Significance

 

November 26, 2023, marks the National Milk Day 2023 which holds a special place in the hearts of millions, as it pays homage to the visionary Dr. Verghese Kurien, the driving force behind the White Revolution. This annual celebration, observed on November 26, serves as a tribute to his remarkable contributions to the development of the dairy industry in India.

National Milk Day 2023 – Theme

Unlike many observances, National Milk Day 2023 does not adhere to a specific theme. Instead, it emphasizes the broader concept of stressing the general importance of consuming milk. The day remains flexible in its approach, serving as a reminder of Dr. Kurien’s determination and the prosperity of the Indian dairy industry.

The White Revolution and Dr. Kurien’s Pioneering Role

In the early 1970s, the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) launched Operation Flood, a transformative national project aimed at establishing a comprehensive milk grid across the country. At the helm of the NDDB was Dr. Verghese Kurien, whose leadership injected essential management skills into the cooperative sector. The White Revolution, a monumental component of Operation Flood, catapulted India into becoming one of the world’s leading providers of milk and its derivates.

Economic Transformation and Self-Sufficiency

Operation Flood, under Dr. Kurien’s strategic guidance, pursued twin objectives – increasing domestic milk production and uplifting the economic status of rural areas. By doing so, India successfully countered malpractices prevalent among milk traders and merchants. The result was a self-sufficient dairy industry that contributed a substantial 4.5% to the country’s GDP. Dr. Kurien’s imprint extended beyond statistics, as he also laid the foundation for the iconic milk brand, Amul, often hailed as the gold standard in milk production.

National Milk Day’s Inception

In recognition of Dr. Kurien’s paralleled contributions. In 2014, the NDDB, along with the Indian Dairy Association (IDA) and 22 state-level milk federations, declared November 26 as National Milk Day. This collective decision aimed to ensure that Dr. Kurien’s legacy continues to be celebrated and his vision for a self-reliant nation through dairy development is remembered.

Significance of National Milk Day 2023

National Milk Day serves as a platform to educate the public about the myriad benefits of milk consumption. Beyond honoring Dr. Kurien, the day sparks discussions about the pivotal role of milk in our diets, promoting its intake for nutritional benefits. The celebration also acknowledges the economic growth spurred by the dairy industry and its contribution to good nutrition.

Important Questions Related to Exam

Q1. When is National Milk Celebrated?

Sol. November 26, celebrated as National Milk Day, serves as a tribute to his remarkable contributions to the development of the dairy industry in India.

Q2. When was National Milk Day inaugurated and why?

Sol. In 2014, November 26 was declared as National Milk Day to celebrate Dr. Kurien’s legacy and promote his vision for a self-reliant nation through dairy development.

Q3. Who was the father of White Revolution?

Sol. Dr. Verghese Kurien was considered as the father of White Revolution.

Q4. Who launched ‘Operation Flood’?

Sol. In the early 1970s, the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) launched Operation Flood.

SEBI Chairperson Launches IRRA Platform to Enhance Investor Risk Reduction

 

Madhabi Puri Buch, the Chairperson of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), has officially launched the Investor Risk Reduction Access (IRRA) platform at the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). Developed under the guidance of Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs) overseen by SEBI, the IRRA platform is designed to mitigate risks faced by investors during technical glitches at Trading Member (TM) ends, encompassing both primary and disaster recovery sites.

Key Points:

1. Launch Details:

• The IRRA platform underwent a soft launch on October 3, 2023, with its official launch occurring on November 20, 2023.
• The platform is tailored for trading members supporting Internet-based trading (IBT) and Security Trading through Wireless Technology (STWT) for their investors.
• Notably, IRRA is not available for algo trading and institutional clients.

2. Invocation and Notifications:

• In the event of a technical glitch impacting a TM’s ability to serve clients across exchanges from both primary and disaster recovery sites, TMs can invoke the IRRA platform.
• Upon invocation, the platform downloads trades of the TM from all trading venues and sends SMS/email notifications to investors using internet trading or wireless technology.
• These notifications include a link to access the IRRA platform, allowing investors to review the status of their investments, orders, and place orders for squaring off or closing positions.

3. Primary Goal of IRRA:

• The main objective of the IRRA platform is to safeguard investors’ funds and ensure the protection of their positions.
• Emphasis is placed on adopting a long-term investment strategy to enhance wealth generation, countering potential losses in the futures and options (F&O) segment.

4. Context and Need for IRRA:

• The launch of IRRA comes in response to the increasing occurrences of technical issues faced by stock brokers, resulting in monetary losses for clients.
• Recent incidents involving glitches at Zerodha and the National Stock Exchange (NSE) have underscored the necessity for robust risk mitigation measures in financial markets.

5. Incidents Highlighting the Need:

• Glitches at Zerodha and the NSE have brought attention to the imperative need for resilient risk mitigation strategies.
• In July of the current year, Zerodha customers faced issues in the BSE F&O (BFO) segment on the Kite platform, attributing glitches to internet service providers (ISP).
• The NSE and NSE Clearing Ltd (NCL) paid Rs72.64 crore to SEBI in July 2023 to settle the February 2021 trading halt issue.

About IRRA:

Platform Origin:

• The Investor Risk Reduction Access platform (IRRA) is jointly developed by stock exchanges following SEBI’s guidelines issued on December 30, 2022.
• IRRA operates as a cloud-based platform connecting to all stock exchanges, brought up on a daily basis in a dormant state.

Purpose and Functionality:

• The IRRA platform activates in the case of trading services disruption by a Trading Member (TM).
• Its purpose is to provide investors with an opportunity to square off/close their open positions and cancel pending orders during technical glitches or unforeseen outages rendering the Trading Member’s site inaccessible.
• In conclusion, the launch of the IRRA platform is a significant step in enhancing investor protection and resilience against technical disruptions in the dynamic landscape of financial markets, aligning with SEBI’s commitment to fostering a secure and investor-friendly trading environment.

Important takeaways for all competitive exams: 

• SEBI Formed: April 12, 1988;
• SEBI Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra;
• SEBI Chairperson: Madhabi Puri Buch.

India-Australia 2+2 Dialogue

 

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh recently engaged in bilateral talks with Australian Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Richard Marles in New Delhi. The discussions were part of the India-Australia 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue, aimed at enhancing defence cooperation and strengthening the strategic relationship between the two nations.

Understanding the 2+2 Dialogue:

The 2+2 dialogue is a strategic format involving the foreign and defence ministers of India and its allies. This format facilitates discussions on critical strategic and security issues, fostering a deeper understanding of each other’s concerns and sensitivities. The objective is to build a more integrated and robust strategic relationship.

India’s 2+2 Dialogues with Key Partners:

India conducts 2+2 dialogues with five key strategic partners, namely the US, Australia, Japan, Russia, and the UK. These dialogues provide a platform for in-depth discussions on political, security, and strategic matters. The Quad, comprising the US, India, Japan, and Australia, is a significant focus in these partnerships.

Background of India-Australia 2+2 Dialogue:

The India-Australia 2+2 dialogue originated from the decision made during the leaders’ virtual summit in June 2020. Both countries aimed to elevate their bilateral relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership. The agreement stipulates that Foreign and Defence Ministers engage in a ‘2+2’ format at least every two years.

Highlights of India-Australia 2+2 Talks:

The recent dialogue covered various critical areas, including anti-submarine warfare, air-to-air refuelling, security in the Indo-Pacific region, hydrography cooperation, and collaboration in sectors such as critical minerals, space, education, science, and technology. Both nations are in advanced discussions to finalize implementing arrangements on hydrography cooperation and air-to-air refuelling.

Security Concerns in the Indo-Pacific:

Given China’s growing influence in the Indo-Pacific, the security of the region took center stage during the talks. A robust India-Australia defence partnership is seen as crucial not only for the benefit of the two nations but also for overall Indo-Pacific security.

Future Areas of Cooperation:

The Indian Defence Minister emphasized the need for cooperation in niche training areas such as artificial intelligence, anti-submarine and anti-drone warfare, and the cyber domain. Potential collaboration in shipbuilding, ship repair, maintenance, and aircraft maintenance, repair, and overhaul was also discussed.

Evolution of Defence Cooperation:

Defence cooperation between India and Australia has witnessed significant transformation, marked by milestones such as the signing of a Mutual Logistics Support agreement in 2020 and the Joint Guidance for the India-Australia Navy to Navy Relationship in 2021. Several firsts in 2023, including the maiden visit of an Indian Navy submarine to Australia and Canberra hosting the Malabar naval exercise, highlight the growing collaboration.

Quad’s Role in Maritime Security:

Both India and Australia, as members of the Quad, have a shared focus on Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA), subsurface domain awareness, and anti-submarine warfare. The Quad’s Indo-Pacific MDA initiative, introduced in 2022, aims to enhance maritime domain awareness in the region.

Conclusion:

The India-Australia 2+2 Dialogue reflects the commitment of both nations to deepening their strategic partnership and addressing shared security challenges. The discussions and ongoing cooperation in various defence domains underscore the importance of collaborative efforts in maintaining peace and security in the Indo-Pacific region.

Cricket World Cup Winners List from 1975 to 2023

 

ODI Cricket World Cup 2023 Winner

The 2023 ICC Men’s Cricket World Cup is the 13th edition of the Cricket World Cup, a quadrennial One Day International (ODI) cricket tournament contested by men’s national teams and organized by the International Cricket Council (ICC). Now, the ICC ODI Cricket World Cup is concluding with the final scheduled for November 19, 2023. Now that the league stage is over, India, Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand have topped the table. The first semi-final took place between India and New Zealand, with India emerging victorious by 70 runs. The second semi-final between Australia and South Africa will determine the finalists for the World Cup 2023 final.

To provide you with an overview of the ICC ODI Cricket World Cup history, we have compiled a list of the past champions. The inception of this tournament dates back to 1975 when it was first introduced in England. The format involved one-day matches with each team playing for 60 overs. In 1987, a significant milestone was reached when the tournament was jointly hosted by India and Pakistan, marking the first time it was held outside of England. Concurrently, the format was revised to feature 50 overs per side, which has remained the standard format for ICC ODI Cricket World Cup since then. So in the article, we have covered the All ODI Cricket World Cup Winners List from 1975 to 2023.

ODI Cricket World Cup Winners List

Here is the list of Men’s 50-over ODI Cricket World Cup victors spanning from 1975 to 2023, encompassing details on the winners, runners-up, host country, total scores, and the result outcome for each One Day International (ODI) final.

World Cup Winners List
Year	Host	Winner	Runner-up	Result
1975	England	West Indies	Australia	West Indies won by 17 runs
1979	England	West Indies	England	West Indies won by 92 runs
1983	England	India	West Indies	India won by 43 runs
1987	India and Pakistan	Australia	England	Australia won by 7 runs
1992	Australia and New Zealand	Pakistan	England	Pakistan won by 22 runs
1996	Pakistan and India	Sri Lanka	Australia	Sri Lanka won by 7 wickets
1999	England	Australia	Pakistan	Australia won by 8 wickets
2003	South Africa	Australia	India	Australia won by 125 runs
2007	West Indies	Australia	Sri Lanka	Australia won by 53 runs
2011	India and Bangladesh	India	Sri Lanka	India won by 6 wickets
2015	Australia and New Zealand	Australia	New Zealand	Australia won by 7 wickets
2019	England and Wales	England	New Zealand	The match tied after regular play and a super over; England won on a boundary count
2023	India	–	–	–

As you can see, Australia is the most successful team in the history of the  ICC men’s ODI Cricket World Cup 2023, having won the tournament 5 times. India and West Indies are the only other countries to have won the World Cup more than once, with two victories each. England won the 2019 World Cup, their first-ever victory in the tournament.

Cricket World Cup Winners list, Country Wise

Australia stands as the most successful team in the ICC ODI World Cup, securing victory on 5 occasions and earning runner-up honors twice. Following Australia’s success, both India and West Indies have claimed the World Cup title twice each. The most recent edition of the ICC ODI Men’s World Cup took place in 2019 in England and Wales, where the hosting country, England, clinched the title for the first time. Here is the list of ODI Cricket World Cup winners country-wise.

Team	Number of ODI World Cup Won	Years of ODI World Cup Won
Australia	5	1987, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2015
England	1	2019
India	2	1983, 2011
New Zealand	0	–
Pakistan	1	1992
Sri Lanka	1	1996
West Indies	2	1975, 1979

World Cup Winners List Captain Wise

The table presents a summary of the number of times each cricket team has won the ODI Cricket World Cup and the corresponding years of their victories. Australia leads the pack with an impressive five World Cup victories in the years 1987, 1999, 2003, 2007, and 2015. Following closely is England, which secured its first-ever World Cup win in 2019. India, with two triumphs in 1983 and 2011, holds a strong position, while New Zealand and Pakistan have each claimed the title once. Sri Lanka clinched victory in 1996, and the West Indies, a dominant force in the early years, won the tournament in 1975 and 1979. Here is the list of ODI Cricket World Cup winners captain wise.

Year	Winner	Captain
1975	West Indies	Clive Lloyd
1979	West Indies	Clive Lloyd
1983	India	Kapil Dev
1987	Australia	Allan Border
1992	Pakistan	Imran Khan
1996	Sri Lanka	Arjuna Ranatunga
1999	Australia	Steve Waugh
2003	Australia	Ricky Ponting
2007	Australia	Ricky Ponting
2011	India	MS Dhoni
2015	Australia	Michael Clarke
2019	England	Eoin Morgan

World Cup Winners – Facts and Figures

• The inaugural Cricket World Cup in 1975 marked the West Indies’ triumph, laying the foundation for this prestigious tournament.
• Australia boasts the highest number of Cricket World Cup victories, achieving success in 1987, 1999, 2003, 2007, and 2015.
• India made history in 1983 by securing their first Cricket World Cup victory, a momentous occasion in the nation’s cricketing journey.
• England emerged victorious in the 2019 Cricket World Cup, securing a thrilling win against New Zealand in the final held at Lord’s Cricket Ground.
• Sachin Tendulkar, a cricketing legend, stands as the highest run-scorer in Cricket World Cup history, accumulating a remarkable total over his illustrious career.
• Muttiah Muralitharan, the Sri Lankan spin maestro, holds the distinction of being the leading wicket-taker in Cricket World Cup history.
• Host nations have often demonstrated their prowess, with India clinching victory as hosts in 2011, and England co-hosting and winning in 2019.
• Australia and India share the distinction of reaching the Cricket World Cup final five times each, showcasing their cricketing excellence.
• In the Women’s Cricket World Cup, Australia has asserted dominance, clinching the title a record six times, emphasizing their supremacy in the women’s game.
• The inaugural T20 Cricket World Cup in 2007 witnessed India’s triumphant campaign, leaving an indelible mark on the cricketing history books.

List of Cricket World Cup Winners (T-20)

It would be unjust not to incorporate the champions of the T20 Cricket World Cup into the roster of Cricket World Cup winners.

RBI Directs Bajaj Finance to Halt Loans for ‘eCOM’ and ‘Insta EMI’ Products

 

In a significant move, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued a directive on November 15, instructing Bajaj Finance to cease the sanction and disbursal of loans under two of its lending products, namely ‘eCOM’ and ‘Insta EMI Card.’ This immediate action stems from the company’s non-adherence to the existing provisions outlined in the Digital Lending Guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India.

Reasons Behind the Action

The RBI emphasized specific violations, particularly the failure to provide Key Fact Statements to borrowers under the mentioned lending products. Additionally, deficiencies were identified in the Key Fact Statements issued for other digital loans sanctioned by Bajaj Finance. These lapses prompted the regulatory intervention, underlining the need for strict adherence to guidelines ensuring transparency and consumer protection.

Supervisory Restrictions and Review Mechanism

The central bank clarified that the supervisory restrictions imposed on Bajaj Finance will be subject to review upon the rectification of the identified deficiencies. The company is required to address these concerns to the satisfaction of the RBI. This underscores the regulator’s commitment to ensuring that digital lending practices align with established guidelines, safeguarding the interests of borrowers.

Background: RBI’s Regulatory Framework

The RBI had already taken proactive steps in this direction, releasing comprehensive norms on August 10, 2022, to regulate digital lending. These measures aimed to protect borrowers and curb fraudulent and unlawful activities within the digital lending sector. The guidelines were long-awaited by stakeholders and industry experts, addressing concerns that had arisen with the surge in instant loan providers, especially in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Evolution of Regulatory Measures

The RBI’s involvement in digital lending regulation dates back to January 2021 when it established a working group to study issues related to digital lending and propose regulations. In November 2021, the group suggested stricter norms, some of which have been accepted, while others are still under examination. The evolving regulatory landscape reflects the RBI’s commitment to adapting to the changing dynamics of the digital lending space, ensuring a secure and transparent environment for borrowers.

Kozhikode and Gwalior Join UNESCO Creative Cities Network

 

In a recent announcement, UNESCO welcomed 55 new cities into its Creative Cities Network (UCCN), which focuses on promoting creativity as a strategic factor in urban development. Notably, two Indian cities, Kozhikode and Gwalior, made their mark by joining this esteemed network.

Kozhikode: The City of Literature

Historical Milestone:
Kozhikode, situated in Kerala, stands out as the first Indian city to be designated as the ‘City of Literature’ by UNESCO, marking a historic achievement.

Cultural Hub for Literature:

The city has a longstanding tradition of hosting literary events, including the Kerala Literature Festival, one of the largest literary gatherings in Asia, which showcases Kozhikode as a vital center for intellectual exchange and literary discussions.

Library Abundance:

Kozhikode’s literary commitment is evident through its 500-plus libraries, highlighting its dedication to knowledge dissemination and fostering a culture of reading.

Home to Literary Luminaries:

The city is also a nurturing ground for renowned writers like S. K. Pottekkatt, Thikkodiyan, and P. Valsala Sanjayan, along with a vibrant community of poets, scholars, and publishers contributing to the richness of Malayalam literature and culture.

Gwalior: The City of Music

Honoring Musical Heritage:

Gwalior, located in Madhya Pradesh, has earned the distinction of being designated as the ‘City of Music’ by UNESCO, following in the footsteps of Varanasi, which received this recognition in 2015.

Birthplace of Tansen:

Gwalior is widely recognized as the birthplace of Tansen, one of India’s greatest musicians and composers, who was among the ‘Navratnas’ (nine jewels) in the court of Emperor Akbar, contributing significantly to Indian classical music.

Gwalior Gharana:

The city is the cradle of the Gwalior Gharana, the oldest and most influential school of Hindustani classical music, shaping the musical heritage of the region.

Celebrating Music:

Gwalior hosts the annual Tansen Sangeet Samaroh, one of India’s largest music festivals, attracting music enthusiasts and artists from across the country and abroad, underscoring the city’s deep-rooted musical traditions.

Axis Bank Partners With IRMA To Promote Financial Inclusion And Literacy In India

 

 

Recently, Axis Bank and the Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA) entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to establish the Axis Bank Chair for financial inclusion at IRMA. This chair will play a pivotal role in advancing financial inclusion and financial literacy in India, aligning with the vision of equitable and sustainable transformation for the nation.

The Axis Bank Chair for Financial Inclusion

The Axis Bank Chair for Financial Inclusion has been established for a period of five years, and it encompasses several key objectives and functions:

I.Conducting Research for Policy Development

One of the chair’s primary goals is to lead and manage field-based research efforts that contribute to the development of national and state-level financial inclusion policies. This involves conducting in-depth research to craft strategies tailored to India’s unique needs.

II.Fostering Collaboration between Industry and Academia

The chair aims to foster closer collaboration between the financial industry and the academic community. By bridging the gap between these two sectors, it seeks to create practical solutions for advancing financial inclusion in the country.

III.Promoting Thought Leadership

The Axis Bank Chair will play a crucial role in promoting thought leadership in the field of financial inclusion. This includes organizing workshops, roundtables, and symposia that bring together experts and stakeholders to discuss and develop innovative ideas.

IV.Advocating for Policy Development

Beyond research and thought leadership, the chair will advocate for the development of policies that support financial inclusion, ensuring that they are effectively implemented.

V.Enhancing Financial Literacy

An essential aspect of the chair’s mission is to enhance financial literacy in India. It will do so by providing educational courses and programs at the Institute of Rural Management Anand.

Joint Advisory Committee

• As part of their partnership, IRMA and Axis Bank will also establish a Joint Advisory Committee.
• The committee will be responsible for managing the chair’s selection process, defining the terms of its operation, and regularly evaluating its performance.
• This committee will ensure that the chair fulfills its mission and objectives effectively.

Sponsorship of Research Associates

• The agreement between Axis Bank and IRMA also includes provisions for sponsoring two research associates under the chair’s purview.
• This initiative is expected to further enhance the research and practical contributions of the Axis Bank Chair for Financial Inclusion.

Key takeaways for competitive examinations

• Group Executive & Head – Bharat Banking, Axis Bank: Munish Sharda
• Director of IRMA: Dr. Umakant Dash

India ranks 2nd in employee well-being, Japan lowest

 

A recent survey conducted by the McKinsey Health Institute sheds light on the well-being of employees across 30 countries, emphasizing factors such as physical, mental, social, and spiritual health. This survey highlights significant disparities in employee well-being, with Japan ranking at the bottom and India securing a notable position.

Japan’s Struggle: Unraveling the Challenges

• Reputation vs. Reality: Despite Japan’s reputation for offering lifetime employment and job security, the survey reveals a mere 25% score, indicating dissatisfaction among employees. The lifetime job security practice has made it challenging for dissatisfied workers to change jobs, contributing to their low well-being.
• Rise of Short-Term Contracts: The shift towards short-term contracts has increased uncertainty among Japanese workers, adding to their overall stress and dissatisfaction.

Positive Work Experiences and Well-Being: A Symbiotic Relationship

• Linking Work Experiences and Health: The survey establishes a crucial connection between positive work experiences and holistic health. Employees reporting positive experiences exhibited better well-being, higher innovation levels, and improved job performance, emphasizing the impact of employers on employee health.
• Work-Life Balance: The report underscores the pivotal role of the workplace in influencing employee well-being, given the significant time spent at work. Achieving a healthy work-life balance is essential, emphasizing the responsibility of employers in creating supportive work environments.

India’s Success Story: Understanding the Factors

• Work Culture: India’s strong well-being performance is attributed to its positive work culture, where employees experience a conducive and supportive environment.
• Work-Life Balance: The emphasis on work-life balance in Indian workplaces contributes significantly to employee satisfaction and overall well-being.
• Positive Work Experiences: India’s workforce benefits from positive work experiences, fostering a sense of well-being and enhancing their performance and innovation levels.

Sweden’s Saab Secures India’s First 100% FDI in Defense Project

 

India has recently granted approval for Sweden’s Saab to establish a new manufacturing facility in the country, marking a significant milestone as the first foreign company to receive 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India’s defense projects. While India previously permitted up to 74% FDI in the defense sector under the automatic route, clearances beyond that threshold were subject to individual assessment.

The government relaxed these regulations in 2015 to encourage foreign investments, yet until now, no foreign firm had received permission for 100% FDI in defense.

Key Details:

1. FDI Proposal Approval: Last month, the Indian government approved a ₹500 crore FDI proposal from Sweden’s Saab, marking a historic moment in India’s defense industry. This decision represents a significant departure from the previous FDI restrictions in the sector.

2. Saab’s Manufacturing Plans: Saab’s new entity, Saab FFV India, has been officially registered, and it will focus on manufacturing the latest generation of the Carl-Gustaf M4 shoulder-fired rocket system. This venture will be the first time Saab produces the Carl-Gustaf M4 outside of Sweden. The manufacturing facility is expected to be established in Haryana, India.
3. Importance of Carl-Gustaf M4: The Carl-Gustaf M4 shoulder-fired rockets are crucial for the Indian armed forces, and they are widely used by the military to engage fortified enemy positions, armored vehicles, and personnel. These rockets offer versatile firepower capabilities.

4. Historical Perspective: Prior to Saab’s success in securing 100% FDI, French firm DCNS sought similar approval in 2016. They aimed to establish a subsidiary in India for the development of advanced technologies enhancing submarine endurance. However, DCNS did not receive the permission to invest over ₹100 crore in their Indian subsidiary, DCNS India Pvt Ltd.

FDI Trends in India’s Defense Sector:

• India has been actively encouraging FDI in the defense sector, increasing the limit from 26% to 49% in 2001 and then to 74% in 2016 through the automatic route.
• While foreign investments in defense have been steadily increasing, Saab’s approval for 100% FDI is a groundbreaking development, indicating India’s commitment to attracting modern technology and investments in the sector.
• In the fiscal year 2023, India received $3.21 million in FDI in the defense industry, showing substantial growth compared to previous years. In 2021-22, it attracted $2.36 million, while investments were considerably lower in the years preceding.

What is DLS Full Form in Cricket?

 

DLS Full Form in Cricket

DLS full form is Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method, a mathematical formulation designed to calculate the target score for the team batting second in a limited overs cricket match interrupted by weather or other circumstances. It is generally accepted to be the most accurate method of setting a target score.

The DLS method was devised by two English statisticians, Frank Duckworth and Tony Lewis, and was first used in 1997. In 2015, the method was updated by Australian academic Steve Stern, and its name was changed to the Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method.

The DLS method takes into account two factors: the number of runs scored by the team batting first and the number of overs remaining in the match. It also considers the number of wickets lost by the team batting first, as this can have a significant impact on their scoring rate.

The DLS method calculates a target score for the team batting second based on the following formula:

Target score = (Average score at par – Average score per wicket lost by the team batting first) * Overs remaining in the match

The average score at par is the average score that a team would score in a given number of overs, based on historical data. The average score per wicket lost is the average number of runs lost per wicket, based on historical data.

The DLS method is used to set a target score for the team batting second in both international and domestic limited overs cricket matches. It is also used in other sports, such as baseball and softball.

Advantages of the DLS method in Cricket

The DLS method has a number of advantages over other methods of setting a target score in rain-affected matches. These advantages include:

• It is a fair and objective method, as it is based on historical data.
• It is relatively easy to calculate, even without the use of a computer.
• It is flexible enough to be used in a variety of different match situations.

Disadvantages of the DLS method in Cricket

The DLS method also has some disadvantages, including:

• It can be complex and difficult to understand.
• It can be inaccurate in certain situations, such as when the team batting first has lost a lot of wickets early in the match.
• It can be difficult to implement in matches where the weather conditions are constantly changing.

Overall, the DLS method is the most accurate and reliable method of setting a target score in rain-affected limited overs cricket matches. It is used in all international and domestic limited overs cricket matches, and it is becoming increasingly popular in other sports as well.

Examples of the DLS method in use

Here are a few examples of the DLS method in use:

• In the 2019 Cricket World Cup final, England were batting first when the match was interrupted by rain after 24.1 overs. England had scored 222/2 at that point. The DLS method was used to calculate a target score of 241 runs for New Zealand, who had 49 overs to score them. However, New Zealand were only able to score 241 runs in 46.1 overs, and England won the match by one run.
• In the 2021 Indian Premier League, the match between the Delhi Capitals and the Sunrisers Hyderabad was interrupted by rain after 18.4 overs. The Delhi Capitals had scored 159/3 at that point. The DLS method was used to calculate a target score of 162 runs for the Sunrisers Hyderabad, who had 17.2 overs to score them. However, the Sunrisers Hyderabad were only able to score 157 runs in 17.2 overs, and the Delhi Capitals won the match by four runs.

These are just two examples of the many times that the DLS method has been used to determine the outcome of a rain-affected cricket match. The DLS method is a fair and accurate method of setting a target score, and it is an essential tool for the modern game of cricket.

History of the DLS Method:

The DLS method was first introduced in 1997, and it is named after its developers, Frank Duckworth and Tony Lewis. These two statisticians from England created the method to address the issue of rain-affected matches and ensure equitable results. Later, in 2014, the method was modified and renamed as the Duckworth-Lewis-Stern (DLS) method to include the contributions of Professor Steven Stern, an Australian statistician.

How Does the DLS Method Work?

The DLS method takes several factors into account to adjust the target score for the team batting second. These factors include the number of overs bowled, the number of wickets lost, and the resources available to the team at the time of the interruption. The calculation aims to provide a fair target, considering that the team batting second might have lost fewer wickets or have more overs to play when the match is affected by rain.

The basic process of applying the DLS method can be summarized as follows:

The number of overs to be bowled in the match is determined, taking into account the overs lost due to rain or other interruptions.

The target score is recalculated based on the number of overs and wickets remaining. The DLS method provides a table of par scores for different combinations of overs and wickets lost.

The team batting second is required to achieve the revised target within the available overs.

If the revised target is achieved, the team wins. If not, the team batting first wins.

Example of DLS Method in Action:

Let’s consider a hypothetical situation where a team batting first scores 250 runs in 50 overs. However, due to rain, the second innings is reduced to 40 overs. Using the DLS method, the target for the team batting second might be revised to 200 runs. This revised target ensures that the team batting second has a fair opportunity to win the game within the reduced overs.

Criticism and Controversies:

While the DLS method is widely accepted and used in international and domestic cricket, it has not been without its share of controversies. Critics argue that the method can sometimes produce unrealistic targets, leading to unsatisfactory outcomes. Additionally, the DLS method has been criticized for being complex and challenging for fans and players to understand fully.

Despite these criticisms, the DLS method has become an essential tool in the world of cricket, helping to manage the impact of adverse weather conditions and ensuring that matches are decided fairly.

Prime Minister Modi Extends Free Ration Scheme for 5 More Years

 

In a recent public meeting held in Durg, Chhattisgarh, Prime Minister Narendra Modi made a significant announcement regarding the extension of the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana, a free ration scheme aimed at assisting 80 crore impoverished individuals. The scheme, which was initially introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, provides 5 kg of free food grains every month to those in need.

Prime Minister Modi declared the extension of this vital initiative for another five years, emphasizing the importance of the people’s support and blessings in making such decisions.

The Significance of the Free Ration Scheme

The Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana has played a crucial role in supporting the economically vulnerable segments of society, especially during lockdowns and economic disruptions caused by the pandemic. By extending the scheme for another five years, the government aims to continue providing essential food supplies to the country’s most impoverished citizens.

Political Context: Poll-bound Chhattisgarh

This announcement was made in the backdrop of the upcoming Chhattisgarh assembly elections, scheduled to be held in two phases on November 7 and 17. As the ruling party seeks re-election in the state, Prime Minister Modi used this platform to reinforce the government’s commitment to welfare programs like the free ration scheme.

Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY): An Overview

The Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY) is a significant welfare scheme initiated by the Indian government to address the nutritional needs of the economically disadvantaged population. This scheme, introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, aims to provide essential food grains to vulnerable households across the country.

Objective of PMGKAY

The primary goal of PMGKAY is to alleviate hunger and ensure food security for the most economically disadvantaged citizens in India. The scheme seeks to address the immediate food requirements of marginalized individuals during times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. By providing free food grains, PMGKAY aims to mitigate the adverse economic and social impacts of food scarcity.

Scope and Beneficiaries

PMGKAY is an extensive program designed to benefit a substantial portion of the Indian population. It targets approximately 80 crore (800 million) individuals who fall under the category of “poor.” These beneficiaries include those living below the poverty line, daily wage laborers, and other vulnerable groups.

Implementation and Key Features

1. Free Food Grains: Under PMGKAY, eligible beneficiaries receive 5 kilograms of food grains per person per month, entirely free of cost. The food grains provided typically include rice and wheat, which are staple food items in India.

2. Nationwide Reach: The scheme is implemented across all states and union territories in India, ensuring a widespread distribution of food grains to those in need.
3. PDS (Public Distribution System) Integration: The distribution of free food grains under PMGKAY is facilitated through the existing Public Distribution System (PDS) in India. This integration allows for efficient and transparent delivery of essential supplies.

4. COVID-19 Response: PMGKAY was originally launched as a response to the economic challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. It has since been extended to provide continued support to vulnerable populations.

Around you........

 

National News

• World Food India 2023: Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the second edition of World Food India 2023, a celebration of India’s culinary heritage and global food potential, uniting culture, cuisine, and commerce. The event aims to position India as the ‘food basket of the world’ and coincides with the celebration of 2023 as the International Year of Millets.
• ECI’s ENCORE Software: The Election Commission of India (ECI) has developed in-house software named ‘ENCORE’ for efficient candidate and election management. It offers a range of features for smooth electoral operations, including candidate nomination, voter turnout tracking, vote counting, and data management.
• 2024 World Telecommunication Standardisation Assembly: India is set to host the World Telecommunication Standardisation Assembly (WTSA) in 2024, a significant event for advancing 5G and 6G networks. It plays a pivotal role in setting global telecommunication standards.
• India Manufacturing Show: Defense Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated the ‘India Manufacturing Show’ in Bengaluru, emphasizing ‘Make in India, Make for the World’ and showcasing cutting-edge technologies and the importance of small-scale industries in India’s economy.

International News

• Thailand Visa-Free Entry: Thailand announces visa-free entry for citizens of India and Taiwan from November 10, 2023, to May 10, 2024, to boost tourism, allowing a maximum stay of 30 days without a visa.
• Middle East Attacks: The armed wing of Hamas, Al-Qassam Brigades, and Hezbollah launched attacks in Israel, marking an escalation in the Middle East. Both groups are considered proxies of Iran.

State News

• Kerala Government vs. Governor: The Kerala Government has approached the Supreme Court challenging the Governor’s handling of pending bills, alleging arbitrary actions in withholding bills passed by the State Legislature.
• Kerala’s Religious Tourism: Kerala plans to launch multilingual microsites to promote religious tourism, starting with a focus on Sabarimala Temple in English, Hindi, Kannada, Tamil, and Telugu languages.

Defence News

• US Minuteman III Missile Launch: The US military conducted a Minuteman III missile launch to showcase its nuclear capability, highlighting the powerful intercontinental ballistic missile system.

Economy News

• Manufacturing Growth Eases: India’s manufacturing sector experienced a slowdown, with the Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) falling to an eight-month low in October, signaling cost pressures and subdued demand for specific products.
• EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM): The European Union’s proposed CBAM raises concerns for Indian manufacturing, with India’s Commerce and Industry Minister criticizing it as “ill-conceived.”

Banking News

• Bank of Baroda Leadership Change: Bank of Baroda appointed Kadgatoor Sheetal Venkatesmurt as the head of digital channels and digital lending following the departure of Akhil Handa, who played a key role in the development of the ‘bob World’ mobile application.

Business News

• Zurich Insurance Stake in Kotak General Insurance: Zurich Insurance Group is set to invest in Kotak General Insurance, acquiring a 51% stake, with the option to increase it to 70% over time. It marks a significant partnership for Kotak Mahindra Bank.

Ranks & Reports News

• Shiv Nadar Tops Philanthropy List: HCLTech founder Shiv Nadar and family top the Hurun India Philanthropy List 2023, making substantial donations for the fifth consecutive year.

Summits & Conferences News

• G20 Standards Dialogue: The G20 Standards Dialogue 2023, hosted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, commenced in New Delhi, focusing on ‘Zero Defect Zero Effect’ and the role of standards in a sustainable future.

Agreements News

• India-UAE Educational Cooperation: India and the UAE signed an MoU to strengthen educational ties, facilitating academic collaboration and twinning programs between higher education institutions in both countries.

Awards News

• T. Padmanabhan Receives Kerala Jyothi Award: Eminent writer T. Padmanabhan received the prestigious Kerala Jyothi award for his exceptional contributions to Malayalam literature. Other awards, known as ‘Kerala Puraskarngals,’ were also announced.

Sports News

• Mohammed Shami’s World Cup Record: Mohammed Shami became India’s leading wicket-taker in ODI World Cups, surpassing Zaheer Khan and Javagal Srinath with 45 wickets.

Miscellaneous News

• Electoral Literacy in School Textbooks: NCERT will introduce electoral literacy content in school textbooks, aiming to address voter apathy among young Indians and promote electoral participation. This initiative will start from classes 6 to 12 and extend to colleges and universities.

November Important Days in 2023 National and International.

 Important days November, the eleventh month of the year, heralds an array of festivals, gatherings, and worldwide commemorations. In the Hindu calendar, it carries special significance as the sacred month of Kartika. In the course of this month, various national and international occasions are marked, each holding importance from a wide range of perspectives. For individuals preparing for competitive examinations such as those in the banking sector, SSC, railways, and more, it is crucial to keep abreast of the important dates in November 2023. To assist candidates in their preparations, we have put together a compilation of noteworthy dates in November 2023.
Important Days in November 2023

Important days in November is a month filled with significant observances and celebrations around the world. From honoring cultural events to raising awareness about important issues, the month has a diverse range of important days to mark on your calendar. Let’s take a closer look at some of the notable days in November 2023.
Date     Day
November 1     World Vegan Day
November 2     International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists
November 6     International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict
November 11     Remembrance Day (Veterans Day in the United States)
November 13     World Kindness Day
November 14     World Diabetes Day
November 16     International Day for Tolerance
November 19     International Men’s Day
November 20     Universal Children’s Day
November 25     International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
November 27     Black Friday (Shopping Event)
November 30     Computer Security Day
November Important Days 2023 in Detail

World Vegan Day (November 1): World Vegan Day is dedicated to promoting a plant-based lifestyle. It encourages individuals to consider the environmental and health benefits of adopting a vegan diet. Many events and activities take place worldwide to raise awareness about veganism.

International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists (November 2): This day underscores the need to protect and support journalists and freedom of the press. It aims to end impunity for crimes committed against journalists and media workers.

International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict (November 6): This day draws attention to the environmental impact of armed conflicts. It highlights the need to protect the environment during times of war and conflict.

Remembrance Day (Veterans Day in the United States) (November 11): Remembrance Day, also known as Veterans Day in the United States, honors and pays tribute to military veterans who have served in various armed conflicts. It is a day of solemn remembrance and gratitude.

World Kindness Day (November 13): World Kindness Day promotes acts of kindness and compassion. It encourages individuals to perform random acts of kindness and spread goodwill in their communities.

World Diabetes Day (November 14): This day raises awareness about diabetes, a chronic health condition affecting millions of people globally. It aims to educate people about diabetes prevention, management, and the importance of a healthy lifestyle.

International Day for Tolerance (November 16): International Day for Tolerance promotes tolerance, diversity, and respect among cultures and communities. It encourages people to understand and accept one another, fostering peaceful coexistence.

International Men’s Day (November 19): International Men’s Day focuses on men’s health and well-being. It addresses issues that affect men and boys, such as mental health, gender equality, and positive role models.

Universal Children’s Day (November 20): Universal Children’s Day advocates for the rights and well-being of children worldwide. It serves as a reminder of the importance of ensuring children’s protection, education, and overall welfare.

International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women (November 25): This day is dedicated to raising awareness about and taking action to eliminate violence against women. It highlights the urgent need to address gender-based violence and promote gender equality.

Black Friday (Shopping Event) (November 27): Black Friday is a major shopping event, especially in the United States. It marks the beginning of the holiday shopping season, with retailers offering significant discounts and deals on various products.

Computer Security Day (November 30): Computer Security Day emphasizes the importance of cybersecurity in our digital age. It serves as a reminder for individuals and organizations to take measures to safeguard their online information and data.

These important days in November offer opportunities for education, reflection, and action on a wide range of issues, from health and kindness to the environment and journalism. They provide a platform for individuals and communities to make a positive impact on the world....